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Thu. Dec 11th, 2025

Volcanic eruptions could have triggered chain response that unleashed Black Death

By ebiztoday.news Dec 10, 2025 #Black #Chain #Death #eruptions #Reaction #triggered #Unleashed #Volcanic

The Black Death decimated the medieval European population — but rats might not be entirely guilty. Volcanic eruptions that took place several years prior could have significantly contributed, with a brand new study revealing that a spell of unusually cold summers within the mid-1340s – likely linked to 1 major volcanic eruption or several smaller ones – contributed to severe famine across the Mediterranean. So, why did this result in the Black Death? (Picture: Getty)

The researchers argue that the knock-on effects brought plague-bearing fleas into European ports, which led to the death of around 60% of the population. How did they figure this out? The experts evaluated earlier research on tree ring growth from eight regions in Europe, measurements of volcanic sulfur preserved in Antarctic and Greenland ice cores, and written reports from the fourteenth century. (Picture: Professor Ulf Büntgen)

They found that these records reveal a big volcanic eruption somewhere within the tropics around 1345 CE. The eruption appears to have increased atmospheric sulfur and ash, which contributed to colder and wetter conditions across southern Europe and the Mediterranean. The historical accounts show widespread crop failures and famine during this era in Spain, southern France, northern and central Italy, Egypt, and the Levant. (Picture: Professor Ulf Büntgen)

This could have meant that Italian maritime powers would have needed to secure grain shipments from the Black Sea region around 1347 CE. Nevertheless, although these imports helped prevent mass starvation, the timing of arriving grain ships and the primary plague outbreaks in cities that received them raises the query over whether fleas carrying Yersinia pestis could have traveled with the grain. And as these shipments moved to additional cities, including Padua, these fleas could have helped speed up the spread of the Black Death throughout Europe. (Picture: Professor Ulf Büntgen)

Co-author Professor Ulf Büntgen said: ‘That is something I’ve wanted to know for a very long time. What were the drivers of the onset and transmission of the Black Death, and the way unusual were they? Why did it occur at this exact time and place in European history? It’s such an interesting query, but it surely’s one nobody can answer alone.’ (Picture: Professor Ulf Büntgen)

Co-author Dr Martin Bauch said: ‘For greater than a century, these powerful Italian city-states had established long-distance trade routes across the Mediterranean and the Black Sea, allowing them to activate a highly efficient system to forestall starvation. But ultimately, these would inadvertently result in a far larger catastrophe. And yet, we could also exhibit that many Italian cities, even large ones like Milan and Rome, were most likely not affected by the Black Death, apparently because they didn’t must import grain after 1345. The climate-famine-grain connection has potential for explaining other plague waves.’ (Picture: Getty)

The researchers say the ‘perfect storm’ of climate, agricultural, societal and economic aspects after 1345 that led to the Black Death may also be considered an early example of the implications of globalisation. Professor Büntgen said: ‘Although the coincidence of things that contributed to the Black Death seems rare, the probability of zoonotic diseases emerging under climate change and translating into pandemics is more likely to increase in a globalised world. This is very relevant given our recent experiences with Covid-19.’ (Picture: Getty)

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Cardinals RB Trey Benson Will Not Return This Season

Message To Kandi Burruss Has Web Livid (Video)

Which Series Has The Higher IMDb Rating?

Volcanic eruptions could have triggered chain response that unleashed Black Death